Product Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the value added production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.

The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.

List of manufacturing processes

Casting

Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process.

Casting is a 6000-year-old process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200 BC.

Types of Casting -

Die casting
Glass casting
Investment casting
Lost-foam casting
Lost-wax casting
Mold casting
Sand casting
Slip casting

Examples -

Fettling is the process of cutting, grinding, shaving or sanding away these unwanted bits is called "fettling"

Molding

Molding or moulding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object.

Examples-

Types of Molding

Blow molding - (Example - Plastic Bottles etc)
Powder metallurgy plus sintering - (Ex - High Precision Goods, production of large series of pieces with narrow tolerances)
Compression molding - (Ex- Boot, Car Bumber etc)
Extrusion molding - (Example - spaghetti, candy canes, chewing gums, drinking straws, plumbing pipes, door insulation seals, optical fibers)
Injection molding - (Ex- wire spools, packaging, bottle caps, automotive parts and component, most of the one piece modern plastic products)
Matrix molding- (Ex- process is often used for complex shapes using composites such as with glass and glass/ceramic composites)
Rotational molding (or Rotomolding)- (Ex- furniture, road signs and bollards, planters, pet houses, toys, bins and refuse containers, doll parts, road cones, footballs, helmets, canoes, rowing boats, kayak hulls and playground slides)
Spin casting- (Ex - pipes, flywheels, cylinder liners and other parts that are axi-symmetric)
Transfer molding- (integrated circuits, plugs, connectors, pins, coils, studs, radio and television cabinets and car body shells)
Thermoforming - (Ex - disposable cups, containers, lids, trays, blisters, clamshells)

Forming

Forming processes are particular manufacturing processes which make use of suitable stresses (like compression, tension, shear or combined stresses) to cause plastic deformation of the materials to produce required shapes. During forming processes no material is removed, i.e. they are deformed and displaced.

Some of example of forming processes are:

Forging - (Ex - kitchenware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, and jewellery)
Extrusion - (Ex - objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile, Pasta, Macaroni etc )
Rolling - (Ex- I-beams, angle stock, channel stock, bar stock, and rails)
Sheet metal working - (Ex -Metallic Sheets, car bodies, airplane wings, medical tables, roofs for buildings)
Rotary swaging - (Ex -printed circuit board, saw blade teeth, wire ropes)
Thread rolling - (Ex -Screw thread)

Machining

Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process.

Parts of Machining-